The Consortium for Risk-Based Firearm Policy              
 

Special Issue 2024

The Consortium for Risked-Based Firearm Policy
 
 

GOOD AFTERNOON,

 

From Consensus to Action: Ten Years of ERPO 

A decade ago, the Consortium for Risk-Based Firearm Policy convened for the first time to identify areas of consensus regarding risk factors for future gun violence, discuss existing research evidence, and foster collaboration on the development of new research. That meeting led to the creation of a policy recommendation that evolved into what’s known today as Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs), also known as red flag laws. 

Today, we are extremely proud that 21 states and the District of Columbia have enacted ERPO laws. However, even in states where ERPO is law, implementation varies within and across states, highlighting the need for close attention to implementation. 

In March 2024, the Center for Gun Violence Solutions at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health launched the National ERPO Resource Center website, a comprehensive online resource dedicated to supporting the implementation of Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws across the United States. 

For more information, please check out the website ERPO.org. 
 
 

RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT
 
 

This month we are featuring the 2024 U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory report, Firearm Violence: A Public Health Crisis in America. In this first-ever public health advisory on gun violence, the report outlines the devastating health impacts of firearm violence across the United States. In addition, there is a growing number of children and adolescents that are killed from firearm-related injuries every year; since 2020, firearm-related injury has been the leading cause of death for youth ages 1-19, surpassing motor vehicle crashes, cancer, and drug overdose and poisoning. This is problematic as high levels of exposure to firearm violence create an endless cycle of trauma and fear within our communities, especially for children and teens. 

The advisory calls for more urgency to prioritize and address gun violence through a public health approach, recommending an increased funding for research, access to affordable, high-quality mental health care support and trauma-informed resources. Additionally, the advisory prioritizes specific investments in community and firearm risk reduction prevention strategies including community violence intervention programs, safe and secure firearm storage, universal background checks, firearm purchaser licensing laws, and effective firearm removal policies such as Extreme Risk Protection Orders and Domestic Violence Protection Orders.
 
 
 

NEW RESOURCES
 
 
  • Joyce Foundation report, Optimizing Crime Gun Intelligence  
  • RAND report, The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Policies in the United States 
  • Everytown report, Ensuring Effective Implementation of Laws that Disarm Domestic Abusers 
  • White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention report, A Report on the Implementation of the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act 
  • 2024 U.S. Surgeon General’s Advisory report, Firearm Violence: A Public Health Crisis in America 
  • New York Times interactive map, comparing gun homicides in your area with others around the country 
  • Hope and Heal Fund in partnership with RomoGIS mapping firearm suicides and homicides in California from 2016-2022 
  • Alcohol Tobacco Firearms (ATF) report on ATF firearm trafficking investigations between 2017 to 2021, National Firearms Commerce and Trafficking Assessment Volume III  
  • National Extreme Risk Protection Center website, ERPO.org 
  • Everytown for Gun Safety report, Those Who Serve: Addressing Firearm Suicide Among Military Veterans 
  • Brady factsheet, The Disproportionate Impact of Gun Violence on Black Americans 
 
 
 

MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
 
 
 
 
 

UPCOMING EVENTS
 
 
 
 
 

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES
 
 

Adams M, Gong C, & Heinze JE. (2024). Firearm ownership and storage among US college students: Results from the healthy minds study, 2021–2022. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-024-00467-5  
 
 

Anestis MD, Moceri-Brooks J, Ziminski D, Barnes RT, & Semenza D. (2024). Firearm access and gun violence exposure among American Indian or Alaska Native and Black Adults. JAMA Network Open. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0073  
 
 

Beaulieu-Jones BR, Sunkara N, Kenzik K, Davis ES, Torres CM, Seamon MJ, Sanchez SE, & Scantling D. (2024). Nearly 20 years since the federal ban: Can state-level assault weapon prohibitions fill the void? Comparative analysis of case fatality and assault weapon recovery in states with and without an assault weapon ban. Journal of Surgical Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.05.018  
 
 

Bhullar A, Shipley J, Alaniz L, Grigorian A, Burruss S, Swentek L, Kuza C, & Nahmias J. (2024). Washington state assault weapon firearm violence before and after firearm legislation reform. The American SurgeonTM. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348241244644  
 
 

Bond AE, Karnick AT, Capron DW, & Anestis MD. (2024). Predicting potential underreporting of firearm ownership in a nationally representative sample. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02515-y  
 
 

Bond AE, Stanley I, Bandel SL, & Anestis M. (2024). Law enforcement and firearms: Understanding firearm ownership and storage habits. Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-044919  
 
 

Dastoor JD, Thomas A, Slocum JD, Regan S, Stone L, Richardson JB, Mason M, Johnson JK, Lin K, & Stey A. (2024). Investigating the 2016 surge in firearm violence in Illinois, USA, through community-based organisations: A qualitative study. Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045075  
 
 

Grimsley EA, Torikashvili JV, Janjua HM, Read MD, Kuo PC, & Diaz JJ. (2023). Transition to Permitless open carry and association with firearm-related suicide. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000000959 
 
 

Joseph B, Hosseinpour H, Sakran J, Anand T, Colosimo C, Nelson A, Stewart C, Spencer AL, Zhang B, & Magnotti LJ. (2024). Defining the problem: 53 years of firearm violence afflicting America’s schools. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000000955  
 
 

Laudon AD, Davis ES, Zhao X, Kenzik K, Torres C, Sanchez SE, Brahmbhatt TS, & Scantling DR. (2023). Bullet holes: A novel model to identify the most impactful gaps in the firearm homicide prevention laws of each state. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000004309  
 
 

Lind A, Mason SM, & Brady SS. (2024). Investing in family-centered early childhood education: A conceptual model for preventing firearm homicide among Black male youth in the United States. Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107917  
 
 

Lind A, Mason SM, & Wrigley-Field E. (2024). Increasing Firearm-Related Deaths among U.S. Black Rural Youths. New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2403665  
 
 

Meyer CH, Holstein R, McGeoch C, Hudak L, & Smith RN. (2024). Patterns of firearm related injury in the elderly: A single institution analysis. Injury. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2023.111307  
 
 

Miller M, Zhang Y, Studder DM, & Swanson S. (2024). Updated estimate of the number of Extreme Risk Protection Orders needed to prevent 1 suicide. JAMA Network Open. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14864  
 
 

Nichter B, Hill ML, Fischer I, Panza KE, Kline AC, Na PJ, Norman SB, Rowcliffe M, & Pietrzak RH. (2024). Firearm storage practices among military veterans in the United States: Findings from a nationally representative survey. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.179  
 
 

Reinbergs EJ, Rogers ML, Anderson JR, & Pryor SM. (2024). Firearm carrying and adolescent suicide risk outcomes between 2015 and 2021 across nationally representative samples. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.13042  
 
 

Succar R, & Porfiri M. (2024). Urban scaling of firearm violence, ownership and accessibility in the United States. Nature Cities. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44284-024-00034-8  
 
 

Swanson JW. (2024). Preventing firearm tragedies by the numbers—Remembering why it matters. JAMA Network Open. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.14842  
 
 

Ward JA, Cepeda J, Jackson DB, Johnson O, Webster DW, & Crifasi CK. (2024). National Burden of Injury and Deaths from Shootings by Police in the United States, 2015‒2020. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307560  
 
 
 
 
 

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For more information, contact Silvia Villarreal at svillarreal@jhu.edu
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