The Consortium for Risk-Based Firearm Policy              
 

October 2024

The Consortium for Risked-Based Firearm Policy
 
 

GOOD AFTERNOON,

 

Returning to school amid the threat of gun violence 

Fall means going back to school for most students in our country. The recent shooting at Apalachee high school in Georgia highlights the stark reality of how the gun violence epidemic are impacting schools, youth, families, and communities across the country.  Since 1999, there have been 413 school shootings, impacting more than 300,000 students who have experienced gun violence at school. This concerning trend is continuing to grow with 2022 marking the highest number of school shootings in any year since 1999.  

Students are also impacted by gun violence from shootings that occur near school. Every day, an average of 57 shootings occurs near a school in the United States. Last year, more than six million students attended a school that had at least one shooting near the vicinity. Research shows that early childhood exposure to gun violence can have permanent effects on future psychological and academic development.  

For more information, please check out the Trace’s data analysis of shootings near schools. 
 
 

RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT
 
 

Research shows the adoption of Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs), commonly known as “red flag laws,” presents a critical opportunity to mitigate the risks of gun violence. First developed in 2013 by members of the Consortium, ERPOs offer a civil court mechanism to temporarily restrict firearm possession and purchase by individuals deemed a threat to themselves and/or others. As of August 2024, 21 states and Washington, D.C. have implemented ERPO laws. 

This summer, the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions published a model policy guide to aid policymakers in designing effective Extreme Risk protection Order (ERPO) legislation. This report contains 58 recommendations reaching across five categories (legal structures, petition process, enforcement, conclusion of orders, and data and accountability). Key practices include ensuring due process protections, establishing a standard duration for orders, and creating procedures for firearm relinquishment and compliance hearings. Through incorporation of these recommendations, policymakers can more effectively safeguard communities from gun violence.  

You can find the full report here.  
 
 
 

A DECADE OF ERPO
 
 

As we approach the 10th year of ERPO implementation, tens of thousands of ERPO orders have been issued. While there have been several research studies about ERPOs, many questions remain. The Inquiry journal is publishing a Special Collection – A Decade of ERPO: what does the evidence say about the use, effectiveness and opportunities for improving implementation and impact of this important firearm violence prevention tool? Consortium members Shannon Frattaroli and Josh Horwitz will be guest co-editors in this Special Collection which will provide a comprehensive platform to guide the next 10 years of ERPO policy development and implementation. 

Paper submissions for this Special Collection are open until January 31st, 2025. If you are interested in submitting your work, you can find more information here.  
 
 
 

NEW RESOURCES
 
 
  • John Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions report, Gun Violence in the United States 2022: Examining the Burden Among Children and Teens 
  • Everytown for Gun Safety report, Who is Manufacturing the Guns Used in Crimes? 
  • White House Office of Gun Violence Prevention report, Year One Progress Report 
  • Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions report, Extreme Risk Protection Order Model Policy Guide 
  • Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health toolkit, Violence Reduction Councils: A Community Approach to Saving Lives 
  • The Council on Criminal Justice report, Crime Trends in U.S. Cities: Mid-Year 2024 Update 
 
 
 

MEDIA HIGHLIGHTS
 
 
 
 
 

UPCOMING EVENTS
 
 
 
 
 

SELECTED RESEARCH ARTICLES
 
 

DiMaggio CJ, Klein M, Young C, Bukur M, Berry C, Tandon M, & Frangos S. (2024). State assault weapons bans are associated with fewer fatalities: Analysis of US county mass shooting incidents (2014–2022). Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045263  
 
 

Doucette ML, Meyerson NS, Crifasi CK, Wagner E, & Webster DW. (2024). Firearm injury hospitalizations and handgun purchaser licensing laws: Longitudinal evaluation of state-level purchaser licensure requirements on firearm violence, 2000–2016. Injury Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-024-00522-4  
 
 

Gostin LO & Vladeck SI. (2024). The Supreme Court decision on firearm ownership for people subject to restraining orders. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.13915
 
 

Jain V & Hemenway D. (2024). Cross-state relationship of firearm violence between police and civilians: Gun ownership as a common denominator. Journal of Urban Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-024-00904-5  
 
 

Kauffman J, Nance M, Cannon JW, Sakran JV, Haut ER, Scantling DR, Rozycki G, & Byrne JP. (2024). Association of pediatric firearm injury with neighborhood social deprivation in Philadelphia. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2024-001458  
 
 

Lindley LC, Policastro CN, Svynarenko R, Davis HA, & Beebe LH. (2024). Nurses as petitioners: A legal mapping of state Extreme Risk Protection Order laws. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/15271544241262744 
 
 

Rajan S, Buttar N, Ladhani Z, Caruso J, Allegrante JP, & Branas C. (2024). School violence exposure as an adverse childhood experience: Protocol for a nationwide study of secondary public schools. JMIR Research Protocols. https://doi.org/10.2196/56249  
 
 

Uzzi M, Whittaker S, Esposito MH, Dean LT, Buggs SA, & Pollack Porter KM. (2024). Racial capitalism and firearm violence: Developing a theoretical framework for firearm violence research examining structural racism. Social Science & Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117255  
 
 

Walsh A, Friedman K, Morrissey BH, Godin S, Morgenstein J, Bryan CJ, Anestis MD, Foley SK, Johnson RL, Baker JC, Bryan A, Betz ME, & Wright-Kelly E. (2024). Project Safe Guard: Evaluating a lethal means safety intervention to reduce firearm suicide in the National Guard. Military Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usae172
 
 

Wintemute GJ, Li Y, Velasquez B, Crawford A, Reeping PM, & Tomsich EA. (2024). Expectations of and perceived need for civil war in the USA: Findings from a 2023 nationally representative survey. Injury Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-024-00521-5
 
 
 
 
 

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For more information, contact Silvia Villarreal at svillarreal@jhu.edu
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